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Beginning XSL-T [vii]: Patterns

*
matches any element
foo
matches any element whose type is foo
foo | bar
matches any element whose type is foo or bar
foo/bar
matches any bar element with a foo parent
foo//bar
matches any bar element with a foo ancestor
foo[ @bar='baz']
matches any foo element which has a bar attribute which has the value baz
foo[1]
matches any foo element which is the first foo child of its parent
foo[ position() = 1]
matches any foo element which is the first child of its parent
[ position() < 5]
matches any element which is the first, second, third or fourth child of its parent
text()
matches any text element.

This is just the basics. The full definition is here